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Earth Imaging Glossary
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" T "
TAPE BLOCK
An aggregate or group of characters, words, records, or information considered as a single
unit and recorded on magnetic tape to adjacent physical locations. Blocking is done for
convenience of data handling and particularly for ease in error recovery.
TAR--Tape ARchive
The UNIX tar command archives (saves) and extracts (restores) multiple files onto a single
tarfile archive. A tarfile is usually a magnetic tape, but it can be any file. This single logical
file may span multiple physical tapes. This is known as multi-volume tar. Such tapes do not
have a filemark at the end of intermediate volumes, and an archived file may be split across
multiple tapes. The tar programs for Macintosh and DOS environments are available at the
following websites.
Macintosh tar website:
ftp://mirrors.aol.com/pub/mac/ util/compression
suntar2.03.cpt.hqx
DOS tar website:
ftp://ftp.uu.net/systems/ibmpc/m sdos/pcroute
tar.exe
TBM--TeraBit Memory
TBM header record. The TBM Header contains data type and selection parameters. A terabit
is equal to one trillion bits.
TCP--Tie Control Point
TCPs are points that have been registered and/or rectified on an image or a planimetric
surface with respect to some horizontal coordinate system and/or vertical datum.
TDRS and TDRSS--Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
A system of geosynchronous communication satellites launched for the purpose of receiving
and relaying data, commands, and telemetry signals to and from all NASA orbiting satellites
and space shuttles. The TDRS system will reduce the number of ground stations needed to
handle satellite communications and will simplify the handling of a growing volume of
satellite telecommunications traffic.
TERRESTRIAL BIOMASS
Total mass of living matter that lives or grows on land.
THEMATIC DATA
Thematic data layers in a data set are layers of information that deal with a particular theme.
These layers are typically related information that logically go together. Examples of
thematic data would include a data layer whose contents are roads, railways, and river
navigation routes.
THERMAL INFRARED
Phrase used to describe the middle wavelength ranges in the infrared portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum. Ranging between 3 microns and 20 microns, most remote sensing
applications utilize the 8- to 13-micron range. This is emitted energy whereas other infrared
(near infrared) is reflected energy.
THIN-SECTION
This is a visual examination of a thin slice of rock or mineral which is examined under a
microscope in plain or polarized light to identify the minerals and their composition and
texture.
TIGRIS--Topologically Integrated Geographic and Resource Information System
The TIGRIS is a geographic information system developed by Intergraph Corporation that is
used to capture and analyze map features (nodes, lines, and areas).
TIROS-N--Television and Infrared Observation Satellite, N Series
The TIROS-N is the latest family of satellites originally began in 1960 in the Polar Orbiting
Environmental Satellite program. Renamed NOAA-6, -7, -8, etc., after launch, these
Satellites offer 4 or 5 channel multispectral daily repetitive global coverage.
TM--Thematic Mapper
The TM is a nonphotographic imaging system which utilizes an oscillating mirror and seven
arrays of detectors which sense electromagnetic radiation in seven different bands. The
thematic mapper sensor is a derivative of the multispectral scanner (MSS) generation of
scanners, achieving greater ground resolution, spectral separation, geometric fidelity, and
radiometric accuracy.
TMA
The term TMA initially referred to Trimetrogon Aerial photography. In recent years,
however, SCAR missions have been flown using several different camera systems. Since the
term TMA was so well understood by the SCAR community, it was decided to keep TMA as
part of the photographic identification.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
Map that presents the horizontal and vertical positions of the features represented;
distinguished from a planimetric map by the addition of relief in measurable form.
TOPOGRAPHY
Configuration (relief) of the land surface; the graphic delineation or portrayal of that
configuration in map form, as by contour lines; in oceanography the term is applied to a
surface such as the sea bottom or a surface of given characteristics within the water mass.
TOPOLOGICALLY STRUCTURED
Refers to the point, line, or area features of a data set and the relationships between these
features. These relationships are expressed as connections between spatially touching lines,
small areas contained within larger areas, lines that make up the sides of an area or polygon,
etc. Topology does not provide information as to the features' meanings, only their identity
and structural relationships as they define spatial objects.
TOPONYMIC
A name that is derived from a place or a region.
TOWNSHIPS
Townships are geographical rather than political divisions defined by a parcel of land
bounded on the east side and the west side by meridians six miles apart at its south border
and has a north to south extent of six miles. Townships are an element of the United States
and Canadian public-land survey systems.
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Glossary Home
Initial content for this Glossary of terms has been graciously supplied by RADARSAT International - www.rsi.ca
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