Earth Imaging Glossary
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" F "
FAO--Food and Agriculture Organization
The FAO is based out of Rome, Italy, to monitor, conduct research, and promote good
practices in the area of food and agriculture throughout the world.
FGDC--Federal Geographic Data Committee
The FGDC provides Federal leadership in the evolution of the National Spatial Data
Infrastructure (NSDI) in cooperation with State and local governments, academia, and the
private sector. The FGDC was established through the U.S. Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) Circular A-16 and charged with the responsibility to coordinate various
surveying, mapping, and spatial data activities of Federal agencies to meet the needs of the
United States. Major objectives of Circular A-16 are to avoid duplication and minimize costs
in mapping and spatial data activities, which involves establishing standards and providing
wider access to geospatial data. The FGDC also has been charged with coordinating
geospatial data related activities with other levels of government and other sectors.
FIDUCIAL MARKS
A set of four marks located in the corners or edge-centered, or both, of a photographic image.
These marks are exposed within the camera onto the original film and are used to define the
frame of reference for spatial measurements on aerial photographs. Opposite fiducial marks
connected, intersect at approximately the image center of the aerial photograph.
FILM TYPES
Photographic products for use in image interpretation are commonly generated from the
following film types:
* Black-and-White Panchromatic (B&W): This film primarily consists of a black-and-
white negative material with a sensitivity range comparable to that of the human eye.
It has good contrast and resolution with low graininess and a wide exposure range.
* Black-and-White Infrared (BIR): With some exceptions, this film is sensitive to the
spectral region encompassing 0.4 micrometers to 0.9 micrometers. It is sometimes
referred to as near-infrared film because it utilizes only a narrow portion of the total
infrared spectrum (0.7 micrometers to 0.9 micrometers).
* Conventional Color: This film contains three emulsion layers that are sensitive to
blue, green, and red (the three primary colors of the visible spectrum). This film
replicates colors as seen by the human eye and is commonly referred to as normal or
natural color. Color film is a valuable image interpretation tool because the human
eye can discern a greater variety of color tones than gray tones.
* Color Infrared (CIR): This film, originally referred to as camouflage-detection film
because of its warfare applications, differs from conventional color film because its
emulsion layers are sensitive to green, red, and near-infrared radiation (0.5
micrometers to 0.9 micrometers). Used with a yellow filter to absorb the blue light,
this film provides sharp images and penetrates haze at high altitudes. Color-infrared
film also is referred to as false-color film.
FIPS--Federal Information Processing Standard
The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is responsible for
developing standards, guidelines, and associated methods and techniques for computer
systems, including those needed to assure the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive
information in U.S. Federal computer systems. NIST adopts and publicizes U.S. FIPS
standards under the provisions of Section 111(d) of the U.S. Federal Property and
Administrative Services Act of 1949 as amended by the Computer Security Act of 1987.
FLUORIMETRY
This non-destructive analytical technique is used to determine concentrations of specific
chemical elements. The procedure is based on the artificially induced absorption, atomic
excitation, and emission of electromagnetic radiation at characteristic wavelengths.
FORTRAN--FORmula TRANslator
FORTRAN is a computer programming language. This mathematically oriented language
primarily is intended for scientific data processing.
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Initial content for this Glossary of terms has been graciously supplied by RADARSAT International - www.rsi.ca
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